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<title>Creative coding</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Creative coding</span></span>

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<p><b>Creative coding</b> is a type of <a href="Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a> in which the goal is to create something expressive instead of something functional. It is used to create live visuals and for <a href="VJing" title="VJing">VJing</a>, as well as creating visual art and design, entertainment (e.g. <a href="Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>), art installations, projections and <a href="Projection_mapping" title="Projection mapping">projection mapping</a>, sound art, advertising, product <a href="Prototype" title="Prototype">prototypes</a>, and much more.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Using programming to create art is a practice that started in the 1960s. In later decades groups such as Compos 68<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> successfully explored programming for artistic purposes, having their work exhibited in international exhibitions. From the 80s onward expert programmers joined the <a href="Demoscene" title="Demoscene">demoscene</a>, and tested their skills against each other by creating "demos": highly technically competent visual creations.

</p><p>Recent exhibitions and books, including Dominic Lopes' <i>A Philosophy of Computer Art</i> (2009) have sought to examine the integral role of coding in contemporary art beyond that of Human Computer Interface (HCI).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Criticising Lopes however, Juliff and Cox argue that Lopes continues to privilege interface and user at the expense of the integral condition of code in much computer art. Arguing for a more nuanced appreciation of coding, Juliff and Cox set out contemporary creative coding as the examination of code and intentionality as integral to the users understanding of the work.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Currently there is a renewed interest in the question of why programming as a method of producing art hasn't flourished. <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> has renewed interest in their Dev Art initiative,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this in turn has elicited strong reactions from a number of creative coders who claim that coining a new term to describe their practice is counterproductive.<sup id="cite_ref-hacktheartworld_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hacktheartworld-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists_using_creative_coding">Artists using creative coding</h2></div>

<p>Some contemporary artists who use creative coding in their work are <a href="Daniel_Shiffman" title="Daniel Shiffman">Daniel Shiffman</a>, <a href="Zachary_Lieberman" title="Zachary Lieberman">Zachary Lieberman</a>, <a href="Golan_Levin" title="Golan Levin">Golan Levin</a>, <a href="Ben_Fry" title="Ben Fry">Ben Fry</a>, and <a href="Giles_Whitaker_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giles Whitaker (artist)">Giles Whitaker (artist)</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_creative_coding_software">List of creative coding software</h2></div>

<p>Although any technology or programming language can potentially be used for creative purposes, certain <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> and <a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">frameworks</a> have been specifically crafted to aid in the rapid prototyping and development of creative works. Software toolkits frequently used in this context include:

</p>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Description

</th>

<th>Operating system

</th>

<th>Programming language

</th>

<th>License

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Cinder_(programming_library)" title="Cinder (programming library)">Cinder</a>

</td>

<td>Library for programming with aesthetic intent, including domains like graphics, audio, video, and computational geometry.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

</td>

<td><a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">2-Clause BSD License</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dittytoy.net/">Dittytoy</a>

</td>

<td>Platform that allows you to create generative music using a minimalistic javascript API.

</td>

<td>Any with a <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>

</td>

<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>generativepy

</td>

<td>Library for creating visual generative art, and mathematical diagrams, as images and video.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>

</td>

<td><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Visual programming language for music and multimedia.

</td>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">Visual programming language</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nannou.cc/">Nannou</a>

</td>

<td>Library that aims to make it easy for artists to express themselves with simple, fast, reliable code.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

</td>

<td><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="OpenFrameworks" title="OpenFrameworks">openFrameworks</a>

</td>

<td>Toolkit designed to assist the creative process by providing a simple and intuitive framework for experimentation.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

</td>

<td><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openrndr.org">OPENRNDR</a>

</td>

<td>Creative coding framework designed and developed for prototyping and developing robust performant visual and interactive applications.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a>

</td>

<td><a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">2-Clause BSD License</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Platform that empowers artists, designers, students, and anyone to learn to code and express themselves creatively on the web. Based on the core principles of Processing.

</td>

<td>Any with a <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>

</td>

<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Processing_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Processing (programming language)">Processing</a>

</td>

<td>A flexible software sketchbook and a language for learning how to code within the context of the visual arts.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> or <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Pd enables musicians, visual artists, performers, researchers, and developers to create software graphically without writing lines of code.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">Visual programming language</a>

</td>

<td><a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">Modified BSD</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Shoebot

</td>

<td>A creative coding environment designed for making vector graphics and animations with Python.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SuperCollider" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a>

</td>

<td>An environment and <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> for <a href="Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time</a> <a href="Audio_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio synthesis">audio synthesis</a> and <a href="Algorithmic_composition" title="Algorithmic composition">algorithmic composition</a>.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td>SuperCollider

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Hybrid visual/textual live-programming environment for easy prototyping and development. It is designed to facilitate the handling of large media environments with physical interfaces, real-time motion graphics, audio and video

</td>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">Visual programming language</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>JavaScript Canvas Framework adding many conveniences, components and controls with an emphasis on simplifying code for learners and professionals.

</td>

<td><a href="Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a>

</td>

<td><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>

</td>

<td><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_use">Hardware use</h2></div>

<p>Creative coding occasionally involves hardware components for inputting data from the environment, producing output or for interacting with participants. Examples of commonly used hardware includes <a href="Microphone" title="Microphone">microphones</a>, <a href="Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a> or <a href="Range_imaging" title="Range imaging">depth cameras</a>, <a href="Motion_controller" title="Motion controller">motion controllers</a>, <a href="Single-board_microcontroller" title="Single-board microcontroller">single-board microcontrollers</a>, <a href="MIDI_controller" title="MIDI controller">MIDI controllers</a>, <a href="Projector" title="Projector">projectors</a>, <a href="LED_strip_light" title="LED strip light">LED strips</a>, <a href="Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a> and <a href="Plotter" title="Plotter">plotters</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Creative_computing" title="Creative computing">Creative computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer art</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative design</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li>

<li><a href="Live_coding" title="Live coding">Live coding</a></li>

<li><a href="Demoscene" title="Demoscene">Demoscene</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/Compos_68">"Compos 68 - Monoskop"</a>. <i>monoskop.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLopes2009" class="citation book cs1">Lopes, Dominic (2009). <i>A Philosophy of Computer Art</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0415547628</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFToby_Juliff2015" class="citation journal cs1">Toby Juliff, Travis Cox (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629221917/https://emajartjournal.com/2015/04/14/toby-juliff-travis-cox-the-post-display-condition-of-contemporary-computer-art/">"The Post-display condition of contemporary computer art"</a>. <i>EMaj</i>. <b>8</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emajartjournal.com/2015/04/14/toby-juliff-travis-cox-the-post-display-condition-of-contemporary-computer-art/">the original</a> on 29 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devart.withgoogle.com">"DevArt Website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-hacktheartworld-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hacktheartworld_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hacktheartworld.com/">"Hack The Art World"</a>. <i>www.hacktheartworld.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMaeda2004" class="citation cs2">Maeda, John (Jan 1, 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/books/creative-code-aesthetics-computation-softcover"><i>Creative Code: Aesthetics + Computation</i></a> (1st ed.), Thames & Hudson, Limited, p. 239, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0500285179</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2007" class="citation cs2">Greenberg, Ira (May 28, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110127204040/http://www.friendsofed.com/book.html?isbn=159059617X"><i>Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art (Foundation)</i></a> (1st ed.), friends of ED, p. 840, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-59059-617-3</bdi>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friendsofed.com/book.html?isbn=159059617X">the original</a> on January 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2014</span></cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119171828/http://video.pbs.org/video/2322911761/">The Art of Creative Coding</a> Video produced by <a href="Off_Book" title="Off Book">Off Book</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativeapplications.net/">Creative Application Network, a website that showcases new work</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devart.withgoogle.com/">Dev Art - Art made with Code, a project by Google</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativecode.io/">CreativeCode.io, an education initiative of GrayArea.org</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.push-conference.com">push.conference</a> is a series of events and workshops aiming to unite Creative Coders & User Experience Designers</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofcourse.io">OF Course</a> is a creative coding program to give both hardcore coders and designers with no programming experience the hands on experience, tools, ideas, and full support for making their own stunning projects.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vidcode.com/">Vidcode</a> is a creative coding platform for K-12 classrooms to learn to code through creative coding courses.</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Creative_coding&oldid=1294845012">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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